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The “Innovative GX Technology Creation Project (GteX)” will be launched by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and JST to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to zero as a whole, which the government has set as “carbon neutral in 2050”. It will be a research and development project aimed at creating innovation.

The background to the establishment of this innovative GX technology creation project by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is that the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) established the “Green Innovation Fund” in the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), and NEDO From around April 2021, we have been promoting research and development and commercialization of industrial technologies that maintain the global environment (the start time varies depending on the budget of the project and the selection process of the executor).

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and JST have put together the academic research of the research and development capabilities of universities and national research and development institutes to support the Green Innovation Fund project being implemented by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and NEDO. In order to support research and development and commercialization from the academic side, it seems that it plans to “strengthen the research foundation and develop human resources” (the concrete plan is still under discussion).

The concept of the business is “Innovative batteries with low environmental impact and dramatic performance (electricity storage technology)”, “Hydrogen innovation (hydrogen conversion technology) based on the essential understanding of hydrogen functions”, and “New technologies by clarifying unknown metabolic pathways”. It seems that the three themes of “bio-production technology (bioproduction technology)” will be implemented (still under deliberation). We are proceeding with a plan to invest about 10 billion yen each fiscal year for these three themes over the next five years. It seems that each goal will have its own stage gate.

President Hashimoto said, “Researchers from universities and national research and development institutes in Japan will work as one team to promote this project and demonstrate Japan’s research and development capabilities.”

Outline of GteX business (Source: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Innovative GX Technology Development Subcommittee (2nd meeting) handout)

At the same press conference, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology’s large-scale research and development project, ALCA (advanced low-carbon technology development), has been underway since 2011. It was explained that in this project, nine teams had researched and developed nine themes, such as “electricity storage devices” and “solar cells and solar energy utilization systems.” Among them, the explanation by Fellow Kohei Uozaki of the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) about the actual state of the research and development team of the next-generation storage battery, which is believed to have achieved relatively good research and development results, was very suggestive. . Fellow Uozaki served as the Research Supervisor and Operation Supervisor (PO) for research and development on the theme of next-generation storage batteries.

In April 2013, research and development on the theme of next-generation storage batteries began, and four teams were organized to research and develop all-solid-state batteries and Kinzo-air batteries. To be more precise, in April 2013, an open call for research and development themes was made, and excellent themes were selected from among those proposed in June. rice field.

Fellow Uozaki explains, “The big result of the research and development results of this next-generation storage battery theme was the transfer of personnel from the Ministry of Education to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.” When NEDO on the side of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry moves in parallel from the first stage to the second stage of advanced and innovative storage battery material evaluation technology development, university professors and others from the research and development team of the next-generation storage battery theme affiliated with the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. transferred to NEDO as a researcher and developer to promote the second phase of advanced and innovative storage battery material evaluation technology development. Until now, there was a transfer of research and development results, but the reality was that there was almost no transfer of research and development personnel. At that time, about a dozen people were said to have moved.

This “innovative CX technology creation project” includes the aim of transferring personnel from the JST side of the research and development system side to the person in charge of developing the NEDO side of the research and development theme. can be estimated.

Although researchers at Japanese universities, graduate schools, and public R&D institutions have achieved research results in basic research, there is an image that they have not contributed much to the recent launch of new businesses by Japanese companies. . Researchers at Japanese universities and public research and development institutes have the intention of contributing to the foundation of each new business that will achieve “carbon neutrality” by 2050. It can be inferred that it is included in “creation business”.

When the underground layers shift, the surface above it begins to shake violently. In this situation, severe shocks are felt. In this article, let us tell you what precautions should be taken in case of an earthquake. How many types of earthquakes are there? What is the Richter scale and why do they occur?

Which devastating earthquakes occurred on earth in modern history?

On October 8, 2005, a devastating earthquake occurred in the history of Pakistan. The severity of this earthquake can be estimated from the fact that at least 73 thousand Pakistanis were killed by this natural disaster. The intensity of this earthquake on the Richter scale was recorded as 7.6.

After that, on May 12, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 occurred in the southwestern province of Sichuan, China, which killed approximately 87,000 people and injured 400,000 people.

On January 12, 2010, a devastating earthquake of magnitude 7 occurred in Haiti. More than 222,000 people lost their lives due to this.

On December 26, 2004, a devastating earthquake of magnitude 9.1 occurred in the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. More than 227,000 people died in this earthquake.

What should be done if there is an earthquake?

When an earthquake occurs, the earth starts shaking violently. In this situation, people fall easily and make mistakes in haste. Therefore, it is important not to leave the foot of consciousness.

Experts say that in the event of this natural disaster, if you are in a building, immediately leave it and go to an open place or location. However, if this is not possible, one should take shelter in an out. The table is a clear example of this. By doing this, you can be protected from being buried under the debris of the roof and walls. During an earthquake, it is important to stay away from large appliances, heavy furniture, windows, etc.

How many types of earthquakes are there?

There are total 3 types of earthquakes. The instrument used to measure it is called the Richter scale. A magnitude 4 earthquake is considered weak or minor, as it is not likely to cause much damage.

Apart from this, earthquakes of more than 4 and less than 6 are called moderate intensity earthquakes. Earthquakes measuring six to seven on the Richter scale can also cause serious damage to buildings. However, when the intensity of the earthquake exceeds eight levels, it can take a destructive form.

What is the Richter scale?

The Richter scale was invented by an American scientist Charles Richter in 1935. He introduced an instrument that can measure earthquakes from magnitude 1 to magnitude 10.

Why do earthquakes occur?

According to the research of American scientist John Wedel, our earth consists of different layers. When these layers slide from their place, intense pressure starts to occur on their edges.

According to John Weddell, the layers within the Earth are constantly moving. When there is severe pressure on their edges, the earth starts shaking, this situation is called earthquake.

It should be noted that an earthquake occurring in the sea is called a tsunami. Ocean waves caused by tsunamis inundate areas on land.

The desire to prove technological superiority and military might fueled the scientific exploration of the universe, and created a massive scientific infrastructure around Earth’s orbit that continued to expand.

Dream of space travel

Space travel was only a dream that appeared in some writing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, beginning with science fiction novels, such as those of the French author Jules Frayn published between 1867 and 1870.

Russian author Konstantin Tsiolkovsky began writing science fiction stories, and then turned them into scientific treatises between 1903 and 1911. His publications were known only in Russia at the start of World War I. Affected

Then French aviator Robert Esnot-Peltrie published an article about space flight in the Journal of Archives of Physics in 1912, introducing the word “astronaut” into the language of science.

American Robert Goddard published a scientific paper in 1920. It consisted of purely mathematical research on the fundamentals of rocket industry, but in the end he discussed his idea. Goddard is one of the few theorists who succeeded in conducting missile experiments. In 1937, one of his missiles reached a height of 2700 meters.

In 1923 Hermann Oberth published a detailed design for a modern rocket in his book “The Rocket’s Arrival in Interplanetary Space”. The book contained ideas about spaceflight technology that were among the most advanced ever published.

Ballistic missiles, the beginning of the conquest of space

After the defeat of Germany and the end of the war, the United States and the Soviet Union entered the “Cold War” phase, with both countries trying to assert their superiority. The most serious area of the competition was space technology.

The V-2 missile is the first to be launched into space. It was designed by a team of German scientists as a weapon for the military. More than 5000 copies were produced. The missile made its historic flight in 1944.

Although German missile technology was not mature enough to be used militarily. However, it played an important role in reaching space in the short term, as both the United States and the Soviet Union decided to continue developing intercontinental ballistic missiles.

Long-range (ballistic) missiles include many advanced technologies. Therefore, its preparation required the joint efforts of a large group of scientists, engineers and professionals, under the supervision of scientific research institutes and military institutions, and huge financial support.

Satellite launch

The launch of the satellite Sputnik-1 into Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957 is seen as an important moment in human history, as the day marks the beginning of a history rich in unique scientific and technological achievements.

The United States redoubled its efforts not to lose the race, and succeeded in launching the military’s modified Jupiter C missile, the first American satellite (Explorer-1) was launched on January 31, 1958, Vanguard. -1” was a satellite launched into orbit on March 17, 1958.

The United States established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, known as “NASA”, on October 1, 1958, to carry out research and projects for the US space program.

NASA worked closely with the CIA and the military, but kept it under wraps to protect its image as a civilian agency. In August 1960, an intelligence satellite made its first successful flight over the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, saw no need for a civilian agency and their program was purely military with a high degree of secrecy.

The first man in space

Fierce competition began when the Soviet Union set a new precedent on April 12, 1961, when Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin completed a full orbit of the Earth aboard the Vostok-1 spacecraft, thus becoming the first man in space. Wale was the first person. After 4 months, German citizen Titov orbited the Earth for a full day while cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first man to walk in space.

In response to the Soviet Union, US President John F. Kennedy took up the challenge of achieving the goal of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth. It took 8 years but America managed to reach the moon.

Project Mercury was the first American program to carry humans into space, making 25 flights between 1961 and 1963, 6 of which carried astronauts.

As for the “Gemini” program, it is a capsule designed for two people, its purpose was to test the ability of an astronaut to fly on long-duration flights (14 days) in order to test the astronauts. The effects of long space flights can be understood.

During the Gemini 4 program, NASA astronaut Edward White became the first American to walk in space on June 3, 1965. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union sent its first woman into space, Valentina Trishkova, in June 1963.

Landing on the moon

This frenzied race to enter space cost both sides huge budgets and many lives. On January 27, 1967, a fire engulfed the Apollo-1 command unit during a test, killing 3 astronauts.

The Soviet space program began to decline in the mid-1960s, while the American space program, led by NASA, was on the rise. On July 20, 1969, the Eagle module of the Apollo 11 spacecraft landed on the Moon, carrying astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins.

After Armstrong set foot on the Moon, Aldrin spent more than two hours outside the module, deploying scientific instruments, collecting surface samples and taking numerous photographs.

NASA’s budget was cut in half in the 1970s, and the competition continued throughout the Cold War, but at a quieter and lighter pace, as it was not in the interest of either country to continue the space arms race. Therefore, the two sides established a joint space program called “Apollo-Soyuz” in 1975, which aimed to acquire capabilities for weather early warning, communications, navigation and other satellite systems.

The Golden Age of Planetary Exploration

In 1965, the Soviet Academy of Sciences Space Research Institute was established, which helped advance the space science, robotic science, and planetary programs, leading to a series of breakthroughs in space. happened

Among the major achievements was the establishment of the “International Space Station” between 1998 and 2011, which is considered a model of global cooperation. Five space agencies representing 15 countries participated in its construction.

That is, the United States, Russia, Japan, Canada, Germany, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, and the Brazilian space agency cooperate in this project through an agreement with NASA.

The station was established in low Earth orbit, and has been permanently manned since November 2000. It is the largest man-made structure in space, and is a permanent platform for monitoring Earth and promoting human space exploration, including the long-term study of the human ability to live in space.

New pioneers

In Asia China launched its first satellite in 1970 and in the same year Japan launched its first satellite and Soviet Union launched the first Indian satellite in 1975 but after 5 years the Indian Space Research Organization succeeded in sending a satellite.

After 2000, Europe and Asia emerged as serious players in this field. China’s lunar exploration program Chang-1 launched in 2007 and Chang-3 landed on the moon in 2015. India also managed to reach lunar orbit in 2007. As for Japan, it succeeded in its missions to the Moon and Venus in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century.

European Space Agency spacecraft successfully landed on the Moon and explored Mars and Venus between 2003 and 2006, and in 2016 collaborated with Russia to launch a new spacecraft around Mars.

The space race between the US and China

The competition for control of space between China and the United States intensified. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Chinese space program has accelerated, sending the first astronaut into space, placing a robotic vehicle on the surface of the moon, and on Mars. A second, and the relentless work continued with the goal of launching the first manned flight to the Moon.

These developments reignited the atmosphere of the Cold War race between the United States and the former Soviet Union for space conquest, sparking fiery speeches and intense media wars.

On the military side of the space race, the U.S. and China have exchanged accusations of developing weapons in space, and U.S. defense officials have criticized Chinese and Russian satellites that support U.S. intelligence, military communications, and early warning networks. It warned against efforts to expand its capabilities to dismantle the system.

On the civilian side, the United States is increasingly concerned about China’s dominance in space exploration and commercial and financial exploitation of it, allowing China to lead technological and scientific development in space as well as on Earth. I will take

Global space infrastructure

Building an infrastructure around Earth has been one of the most important achievements associated with spaceflight. The daily lives of billions of people are shaped by weather information, navigation and satellite communications. World politics and military institutions have become dependent on these systems.

Indeed, satellite infrastructure has shaped the cultures we live in through the global spread of information and entertainment, and space travel that was once exotic has become the norm.

There is good news for WhatsApp users that this world’s most popular messaging app is likely to introduce a great feature soon. This new feature is called ‘Voice Status’.

It should be noted that currently WhatsApp users only have the facility to share text statuses, images and videos to other people.

The ‘Voice Status’ feature is likely to be rolled out for the convenience of users by mid-2023. If users make any mistakes while using this feature or don’t like the status, Tuan will have the option to remove it. Delete it.

WhatsApp’s ‘Voice Status’ feature will also automatically be removed from status within 24 hours, but before that users will have the option to remove it themselves.

The above-mentioned feature ‘Voice Status’ will also work like other features of WhatsApp, with the help of which users will be able to share their videos, text messages, and picture status instead.

The trial feature of ‘Voice Status’ has been given access to limited iOS and Android users. The experts are busy with the preparations to introduce the ‘Voice Status’ feature soon and immediately the said feature was put up for testing.

Note that the audio status sharing feature is not yet available on any popular social media or application, but audio status can be converted to videos and shared on all sites.